anti cd56 fitc  (Miltenyi Biotec)

Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

Article Title: Natural killer cell activated by attenuated newcastle disease virus (NDV) as anti-cancer therapy

doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2026.1721060

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunophenotypic characterization of NK cells isolated by natural migration and used in functional assays. Primary NK cells were enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using a natural migration-based selection approach and maintained in IL-15 supplemented medium prior to downstream assays. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to validate lineage identity and maturation status. (A) CD3 staining shows absence of detectable signal, excluding T-lymphocyte contamination. (B) CD56 expression identifies NK lineage cells within the enriched population. (C) CD16 positivity demonstrates the presence of cytotoxic NK subsets associated with antibody-dependent and direct target cell killing. (D) CD57 staining identifies a subset of NK cells exhibiting features consistent with functional maturation. Images were acquired under identical exposure settings for all markers. Scale bar = 100 μm. Collectively, these findings indicate that the enriched effector population consisted predominantly of CD3 − CD56 + NK cells with detectable CD16 and CD57 expression. Precise discrimination between CD56 bright and CD56 dim subsets requires flow cytometric analysis and was therefore not inferred from fluorescence intensity in these images.

Article Snippet: Chambers were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with FITC-conjugated mouse anti-human CD56 monoclonal antibody (Elabscience, China) diluted 1:100 in blocking buffer.

Techniques: Isolation, Migration, Functional Assay, Selection, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Fluorescence

Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

Article Title: Natural killer cell activated by attenuated newcastle disease virus (NDV) as anti-cancer therapy

doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2026.1721060

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD56 immunofluorescence demonstrates enhanced NK attachment to NDV-infected tumor cells. Representative immunofluorescence micrographs of AMJ13 (A–D) and MCF-7 (E–H) cells stained for CD56 (green) under the indicated treatment conditions. (A,E) Untreated tumor cells show negligible CD56 staining, confirming absence of NK cells. (B,F) NDV alone (MOI 20) does not produce CD56 signal, confirming antibody specificity. (C,G) NK cells alone (2000 cells/well) display modest CD56-positive signal following washing, indicating limited NK retention on tumor monolayers. (D,H) Combined NDV (MOI 20) + NK cells (2000 cells/well) markedly increases CD56 fluorescence, with visible clusters of CD56 + NK cells remaining attached to tumor cell surfaces after washing. Scale bar = 100 μm. (I) Quantitative analysis of retained CD56 + NK cells per microscopic field demonstrates significantly increased wash-resistant NK attachment following NDV priming. AMJ13 cultures exhibited greater than 10-fold enrichment of retained NK cells compared with NK-only treatment (**p < 0.01), while MCF-7 cultures showed approximately two-fold increased NK retention (*p < 0.05). Data represent mean ± SD derived from three independent microscopic fields per condition from separate wells. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: Chambers were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with FITC-conjugated mouse anti-human CD56 monoclonal antibody (Elabscience, China) diluted 1:100 in blocking buffer.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Infection, Staining, Fluorescence, Derivative Assay